April 7, 2025
2025 is starting at -0.7 degree C similar as 1872, 1873, 1889 and 2023. These were years following La Nina years. 1899 and 2023 ended as positive with 2023 as strong EL Nino. 1872 and 1873 ended La Nina. It appears warming has started and chances of El Nino development is high. By May and June, the trend will be clear.
Annual Summary - 2025
Abtew, W. and P. Trimble. 2010. El Niño Southern Oscillation Link to South Florida Hydrology and Water Management Applications. Water Resources Management, 24(5):4255-4271,
Abtew, W., A. Melesse and T. Dessalegne. 2009. El Niño Southern Oscillation link to the Blue Nile River Basin Hydrology. Hydrological Processes. Vol. 23:3653-3660; DOI:10.1002/hyp.7367